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Hemorrhoids: Types, Causes, Symptoms & Advanced Treatment
Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen veins in the anus and lower rectum, similar to varicose veins in the legs. They can develop internally, inside the rectum, or externally, under the skin around the anus.
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While mild cases often improve with lifestyle changes and home remedies, persistent or severe hemorrhoids may require advanced treatments or surgical intervention.
Table of Contents
Types of Hemorrhoids
1. Internal Hemorrhoids
Located inside the rectum and usually painless.
May cause bright red bleeding during bowel movements.
Can prolapse, meaning they push through the anal opening, sometimes causing discomfort or irritation.
2. External Hemorrhoids
Found under the skin around the anus.
Common symptoms include pain, itching, swelling, and bleeding.
3. Thrombosed Hemorrhoids
Occur when a blood clot forms inside an external hemorrhoid.
Can cause severe pain, swelling, inflammation, and a hard, bluish lump near the anus.
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Symptoms-
Bright red blood in stool or on toilet tissue
Anal pain, especially during bowel movements
Itching or irritation around the anal area
Swelling or a palpable lump near the anus
Important: Persistent bleeding or changes in stool may indicate other serious conditions like colorectal or anal cancer. Seek immediate medical attention if you experience heavy bleeding, dizziness, or fainting.
Causes and Risk Factors
Hemorrhoids develop when veins in the lower rectum are stretched or under pressure. Common causes include:
Straining during bowel movements
Chronic constipation or diarrhea
Prolonged sitting, especially on the toilet
Pregnancy and childbirth
Obesity
Anal intercourse
Low-fiber diet
Frequent heavy lifting
Risk increases with age as supporting tissues weaken. Pregnancy also increases pressure on anal veins, raising the likelihood of hemorrhoids.
Complications
Though rare, untreated hemorrhoids can lead to:
Anemia – from prolonged blood loss
Strangulated hemorrhoids – when blood supply to an internal hemorrhoid is blocked, causing severe pain
Blood clots (thrombosed hemorrhoids) – extremely painful and may require drainage
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Prevention Tips
Preventing hemorrhoids focuses on reducing pressure on anal veins:
Eat a high-fiber diet: Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to soften stools.
Stay hydrated: Drink 6–8 glasses of water daily.
Avoid straining: Do not hold your breath while passing stool.
Exercise regularly: Prevents constipation and reduces vein pressure.
Limit long periods of sitting: Especially on the toilet.
Consider fiber supplements: Psyllium or methylcellulose can help if dietary fiber is insufficient.
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional can identify hemorrhoids via:
Digital rectal exam – checking the rectum with a gloved finger.
Visual inspection – using an anoscope, proctoscope, or sigmoidoscope.
Colonoscopy – recommended if symptoms suggest other digestive issues or for colorectal cancer screening.
Treatment Options
1. Home Remedies
High-fiber diet and fiber supplements
Topical treatments: Creams, suppositories, or pads with hydrocortisone or witch hazel
Sitz baths: Soaking in warm water 10–15 minutes, 2–3 times daily
Pain relievers: Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or aspirin
2. Medical Treatments
Medications: Prescription-strength creams or suppositories for pain and inflammation
External hemorrhoid thrombectomy: Draining a clot for immediate relief (best within 72 hours)
3. Minimally Invasive Procedures
Rubber band ligation: Cutting off blood flow to an internal hemorrhoid
Sclerotherapy: Injecting a solution to shrink hemorrhoid tissue
Coagulation: Using laser or infrared light to harden and shrink small hemorrhoids
4. Surgical Treatments
Hemorrhoidectomy: Complete removal of severe or recurring hemorrhoids
Stapled hemorrhoidopexy: Blocking blood flow to hemorrhoidal tissue, mainly for internal hemorrhoids
Note: Surgical treatments are considered when non-surgical approaches fail or hemorrhoids are large and painful. Recovery may involve temporary discomfort, which can be managed with medication and care.
Preparing for Your Appointment
Before visiting a specialist, prepare:
A list of symptoms, duration, and severity
Dietary habits, including fiber intake
All medications, supplements, or vitamins
Questions to ask your doctor, such as treatment options, risk of recurrence, and surgical suitability
Why Choose Pristyn Care for Hemorrhoids Treatment?
Pristyn Care offers minimally invasive and advanced surgical solutions for hemorrhoids with:
Experienced colorectal surgeons
Laser treatment options for quick recovery
Personalized care with minimal downtime
Expert guidance for prevention, treatment, and post-operative care
Book a consultation today to discuss the best hemorrhoid treatment for your condition.
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