Understanding VUJ Calculus & Calyx Kidney Stones

Kidney stones can form in different parts of the urinary tract, and their location plays a critical role in the symptoms and treatment options. Two such locations are the VUJ (Vesico-Ureteric Junction) and the renal calyces. Understanding the nature of stones in these areas is essential for proper diagnosis and surgical intervention.

What is VUJ Calculus?

VUJ calculus refers to a stone lodged at the junction where the ureter meets the bladder. This area is a natural narrowing, and stones often get stuck here, causing severe discomfort and urinary symptoms.

Symptoms of VUJ Calculus:

• Sharp pain in the lower abdomen or groin

• Frequent urge to urinate

• Pain during urination

• Hematuria (blood in urine)

• Nausea or vomiting in some cases

What are Calyx Kidney Stones?

Calyx stones form in the renal calyces, which are cup-shaped chambers in the kidney where urine collects before passing into the renal pelvis and ureter. These stones may be small and asymptomatic initially but can grow and cause complications.

Symptoms of Calyx Stones:

• Dull, aching pain in the back or flank

• Recurrent urinary tract infections

• Occasional hematuria

• Discomfort during physical activity

• Impaired kidney function in long-standing cases

Difference Between VUJ Calculus and Calyx Stones

Surgical Treatment Options

When medications or lifestyle changes are not effective, surgery becomes necessary. Here are some common minimally invasive surgical options:

• URSL (Ureteroscopy):
  Used for VUJ stones; a thin scope is passed through the urethra to break and remove the stone.

• RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery):
  Ideal for calyx stones; uses a flexible scope to access and laser-fragment stones in the kidney.

• PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy):
  Recommended for large calyceal stones; involves a small incision in the back to access and remove the stone.

• ESWL (Shock Wave Lithotripsy):
  Suitable for smaller stones in either location; uses shock waves to break stones into passable fragments.

When to Seek Surgical Help?

You should consult a urologist immediately if you:

• Experience intense or persistent pain

• Have signs of infection (fever, chills)

• Notice blood in your urine

• Are unable to pass urine

• Have recurrent UTIs or kidney function decline

Note: Early intervention can prevent complications like infection, hydronephrosis, or permanent kidney damage.