Ear, nose and throat specialists are known as ENTs. ENT doctors specialize in Otolaryngology. Otolaryngologists diagnose and treat the disorders of the neck and head which includes ear, nose and throat, voice box, sinuses and also other structures. Otolaryngologists will see adults and children who treat a variety of conditions like:

• Allergies
• Injuries
• Infections
• Swallowing problems
• Speech disorders
• Certain nerve disorders
• Sleep disorders
• Hearing loss and also ear disorders
• Acquired abnormalities

Various conditions in Ear, Nose and Throat

Ear (Otology)

There are four types of surgeries if you suffer from ear problems. These are as follows:

• Tympanoplasty: During the tympanoplasty, the surgeon will make an incision behind the ear. Any infection or the damage in your ear will be cleaned. The edges of the torn eardrum will get trimmed or maybe your entire eardrum will be removed. A graft will be used which will close the torn eardrum. A tissue graft will be taken from another part of your body. The antibiotic foam will be placed in your ear canal which will help in preventing the infection. The incision is closed with the help of stitches.

• Mastoidectomy: Mastoidectomy is the common otologic procedure which is complicated with the facial nerve injury, with the reported incidence of 2% to 6%. Injury to the nerve can occur during tympanoplasty and during the removal of exostoses of the auditory canal.

• Stapedectomy: Stapedectomy is the surgical removal of one of the tiny three bones of the middle ear which are called stapes. This is followed by the implantation of the micro prosthesis to treat the conditions such as conductive hearing loss which can’t be treated with the medication.

• Myringotomy: Myringotomy is small tubes which are surgically placed into eardrum by an ENT specialist. The tubes can be made up of plastic. In plenty of cases, your doctor will place a tube so it won’t get backed up again.

Rhinology

There are three types of surgeries in rhinology:

• FESS: FESS is a minimally invasive surgical treatment which uses nasal endoscopes to enlarge the nasal drainage pathways of the sinuses which will improve the sinus ventilation.

• Septoplasty: Septoplasty is the surgery which is done inside the nose to straighten a deviated septum. The septum is about 7 centimetres long in adults which are made of cartilage and bone. It separates the inside of the nose into two chambers.

• Turbinate reduction: Turbinate surgery is a procedure where the inferior nasal turbinates are examined and reduced in size to provide improved nasal airflow.

Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea

Here are the surgeries which come under snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea:

• Adenoidectomy: Adenoidectomy is the surgical removal of the adenoids which includes impaired breathing via the nose, chronic infections or recurrent earaches. The surgery is less commonly performed in adults in whom the adenoids is smaller and less active than its children.

• UP3: uvulopalatopharyngoplasty is the procedure which removes the excess tissue in the throat which will make the airway wider. This will allow air to move through the throat more easily when you breathe.

Voice and throat Laryngology

Here is the surgery which comes under voice and throat laryngology:

• Tonsillectomy: tonsillectomy is the removal of the tonsils. The tonsils are located in the back of your throat. Tonsils are the part of your body’s immune system, but removing them does not increase the risk of infection.