Rectal Prolapse Treatment - Diagnosis, Surgery & Recovery

Surgical Treatment for Rectal Prolapse

There are various surgical treatment options for rectal prolapse, including; 

Rectopexy for Rectal Prolapse Surgery Through The Abdomen

Rectopexy is also known as rectal prolapse surgery through the abdomen. The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and requires a hospital stay of several days. Recovery time can vary, but most patients are able to return to normal activities within a few weeks. Rectopexy is considered a safe and effective treatment for rectal prolapse and has a high success rate in preventing the recurrence of the condition. Here’s how this surgery is performed: 

1. During a rectopexy procedure, the surgeon will make an incision in the abdomen. 
2. The surgeon will then locate the rectum and dissect it carefully from the surrounding tissues. 
3. After this, the surgeon will suture the rectum to the sacrum, and will ensure that the rectum is properly positioned. 
4. The surgeon will then close the incision in the abdomen with sutures or staples. 
5. The patient will be monitored closely following the procedure to ensure proper healing.

Laparoscopic rectal prolapse surgery

Laparoscopic rectal prolapse surgery is a minimally invasive procedure that is used to treat rectal prolapse. This surgery is performed through small incisions in the abdomen rather than a large incision in the rectum. This approach has many benefits, including less pain, faster recovery times, and a lower risk of complications. Patients who undergo laparoscopic rectal prolapse surgery can typically return to their normal activities within a few weeks. Here’s an explanation of  the steps involved in a laparoscopic rectal prolapse surgery to help you understand the procedure properly: 

Step 1: The surgeon will administer general anesthesia to the patient.

Step 2: After the patient is sedated, the surgeon will insert a laparoscope into the abdomen.

Step 3: The surgeon will make small incisions in the abdomen to insert surgical instruments.

Step 4: The surgeon will locate the rectum and gently pull it out of the body.

Step 5: The surgeon will remove any excess tissue or prolapsed areas from the rectum.

Step 6: The surgeon will suture the rectum back into place.

Step 7: The surgeon will close the incisions with sutures or staples.

Step 8: The patient will be monitored in the recovery room before hospital discharge.

Robotic surgery

Robotic surgery for rectal prolapse is a minimally invasive surgical procedure that offers several benefits over traditional open surgery. These benefits include reduced blood loss, less pain and scarring, and shorter hospital stays. Recovery time after robotic surgery for rectal prolapse is typically shorter than with open surgery, with most patients able to return to normal activities within a few weeks. Here’s how a robotic surgery for rectal prolapse is performed: 

1. The surgeon will make small incisions in the patient’s abdomen. 
2. The robotic arms will be inserted through the incisions. 
3. The surgeon will control the robotic arms from a console. 
4. The robot will create a 3D image of the surgical site. 
5. The surgeon will use the robotic arms to remove any excess tissue causing the rectal prolapse. 
6. The surgeon will use sutures to secure the rectum in its proper position. 
7. The robotic arms will be removed, and the incisions will be closed. 
8. The patient will be monitored for complications and given appropriate medication for pain management.

Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy

Perineal Rectosigmoidectomy is a surgical procedure that removes part of the rectum and sigmoid colon via the perineum. Benefits include faster recovery time and lower risk of complications. Recovery time varies but is generally shorter than traditional surgery. This surgery is performed in the following steps: 

1. The surgeon will make an incision in the perineum. 
2. The surgeon will then dissect the rectum and mobilize it.
3. The surgeon will then create a suture line at the distal rectum.
4. The surgeon will then pull the rectum down and remove the redundant tissue.
5. The surgeon will then create a colostomy if needed.
6. The surgeon will then close the perineal incision.
7. The patient will be monitored after the procedure for any complications.

Delorme Procedure

The Delorme procedure is another surgical treatment for rectal prolapse. It involves folding and sewing a portion of the rectal wall to itself to reinforce weak or damaged tissue. Benefits include improved bowel function and reduced risk of recurrence. Recovery time varies but typically takes 2-4 weeks. The steps of the Delorme procedure for rectal prolapse treatment are as follows:

1. The surgeon will administer anesthesia to the patient.
2. The surgeon will insert a special instrument called a proctoscope into the rectum to visualize the prolapse.
3. The surgeon will remove the prolapsed tissue using a scalpel or scissors.
4. The surgeon will then suture the edges of the remaining rectal tissue together.
5. The surgeon will check the area to ensure there is no bleeding or damage.
6. When the procedure is complete, the patient will be shifted to the recovery room. 

How to Prepare For Rectal Prolapse Surgery?

If your doctor suggested rectal prolapse surgery, then it is important for you to be prepared for the procedure. Here are some suggestions that you can follow to prepare  for your rectal prolapse surgery. 

• Consult with your doctor to discuss the procedure and any potential risks.
• Follow the pre-operative instructions provided by your healthcare team.
• Make sure you have someone to drive you to and from the hospital on the day of the surgery.
• Arrange for someone to stay with you for the first few days after the surgery to assist with daily activities.
• Avoid eating or drinking anything after midnight the night before the surgery.
• Stop taking ibuprofen, warfarin, or any herbal supplements as they can act as blood-thinning agents and may lead to excessive bleeding during the procedure. 
• Wear comfortable clothing that is easy to take on and off on the day of the surgery.
• Prepare your home for your recovery by setting up a comfortable area with pillows, blankets, and entertainment.
• Follow any additional instructions provided by your healthcare team to ensure a successful surgery and recovery.

How to Recover After Laser Rectal Prolapse Surgery?

It may take you up to  4-6 weeks to recover completely after the surgery. Here are general guidelines to help you recover fast after laser rectal prolapse surgery. 

• After rectal prolapse surgery, it is important to take medicines on time as prescribed by your doctor.
• You may experience discomfort and swelling in the surgical area, which can be managed with ice packs and medicines.
• It is important to avoid lifting heavy objects or engaging in strenuous activities for several weeks after surgery.
• You should eat a high-fiber diet to avoid constipation and straining during bowel movements.
• Drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated can also help prevent constipation.
• Your doctor may recommend stool softeners or laxatives to help ease bowel movements.
• It is important to follow any post-surgery care instructions given by your doctor or healthcare team.
• You may experience some bleeding or discharge after surgery, which is normal and should subside within a few days.
• It is important to attend all post-surgery follow-up appointments to monitor your recovery progress.
• If you experience severe pain, fever, or other concerning symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.

What Lifestyle Changes Do I Need to Make After Rectal Prolapse Treatment Through Surgery?

After undergoing rectal prolapse treatment through surgery, there are some lifestyle changes that need to be made in order to ensure proper healing and prevent future occurrences. These changes include:

• Avoiding heavy lifting: Heavy lifting can put a strain on the muscles in the pelvic area and can lead to a recurrence of rectal prolapse. It is important to avoid lifting anything heavy for at least six weeks after the surgery.
• Eating a high-fiber diet: A diet that is high in fiber can help to prevent constipation, which can put pressure on the rectum and lead to a recurrence of rectal prolapse. Foods that are high in fiber include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
• Staying hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help prevent constipation and keep stools soft, making them easier to pass.
• Exercising regularly: Regular exercise can help to improve overall health and strengthen the muscles in the pelvic area, reducing the risk of rectal prolapse in the future
• Avoiding straining during bowel movements: Straining during bowel movements can put pressure on the rectum and increase the risk of another rectal prolapse. It is important to use the restroom as soon as the urge arises and to avoid pushing or straining.
• Maintaining a healthy weight: Being overweight can put additional pressure on the pelvic muscles and increase the risk of rectal prolapse. Maintaining a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise can help to reduce this risk.

Individuals who have undergone rectal prolapse treatment through surgery can improve their overall health and reduce the risk of recurrence by making these lifestyle changes. It is important to follow these guidelines as recommended by a healthcare professional.

What are the Risks and Complications Associated with Rectal Prolapse Surgery?

While rectal prolapse surgery is an effective option but it comes with some risks and complications, including;

• Infection is a potential risk associated with rectal prolapse surgery.
• Hemorrhage or excessive bleeding is another possible complication of the procedure.
• Damage to nearby organs such as the bladder or urethra, could occur during surgery.
• Urinary retention may occur following the procedure.
• There is a risk of developing blood clots after rectal prolapse surgery.
• Bowel obstruction is a rare but possible complication of the procedure.
• Fecal incontinence or difficulty controlling bowel movements may occur following surgery.
• The risk of complications increases with age and other underlying medical conditions.
• Anesthesia-related complications may occur during the surgery.
• Recurrence of rectal prolapse following surgery is also a potential risk.

What are the Non-Surgical Treatment Options for Rectal Prolapse?

Rectal prolapse treatment without surgery can relieve symptoms such as pain and discomfort at its initial stage, but it is not the best option to treat the condition. 

Here are some non-surgical options to relieve symptoms or prevent the condition.

Home remedies to Prevent rectal Prolapse

If you are experiencing rectal prolapse, there are several home remedies you can try to prevent rectal prolapse

• Kegel Exercises: Kegel exercises involve contracting and relaxing the muscles in the pelvic floor. These exercises can help strengthen the muscles in the rectum and anus, which can help prevent rectal prolapse.
• Fiber-Rich Diet: Eating a diet that is high in fiber can help prevent constipation, which is a common cause of rectal prolapse. Some good sources of fiber include whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
• Bowel Movement Management: Avoid holding in bowel movements for long periods of time. This can cause the rectum to stretch and weaken, which can lead to rectal prolapse.
• Ice Packs: Applying an ice pack to the affected area can help reduce swelling and discomfort.
• Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water can help soften stools and prevent constipation, which can help prevent rectal prolapse.

It is important to note that while these home remedies may provide relief, they are not a substitute for medical treatment. If you are experiencing rectal prolapse, it is important to consult with an experienced proctologist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate treatment options.

What are the Signs of a Healing Rectal Prolapse?

Here are some signs that indicate that your rectal prolapse is healing.

• Reduced size: A reduction in the size of the prolapse is a sign of healing rectal prolapse.
• Less recurrence: decrease in the frequency of prolapse occurrence is an indication of healing.
• Reduced constipation: Improvement in bowel movement and reduced constipation suggest healing.
• Less pain and discomfort: A decrease in the severity of symptoms such as pain and discomfort is a sign of healing.
• Less bleeding: Reduced rectal bleeding is a positive sign of healing rectal prolapse.
• Less discharge from the mucus: A decrease in the amount of mucus discharge from the rectum indicates improvement.
• Reversed bowel incontinence: Improved control over bowel movements is a sign of healing.
• Reduced swelling: Reduced inflammation or swelling around the rectum is a positive sign of healing.
• Less Protrusion: A decrease in the amount of tissue protruding from the anus indicates healing.

What Happens if Rectal Prolapse is Left Untreated?

Untreated rectal prolapse can lead to various severe complications, including;

• If rectal prolapse is left untreated, the condition can become worse over time. 
• The protruding rectum can become larger and more difficult to push back in. 
• Chronic constipation can worsen the condition, leading to more frequent prolapse. 
• Rectal prolapse can cause fecal incontinence, making it difficult to control bowel movements. 
• The prolapsed tissue can become irritated and bleed. 
• In severe cases, the prolapse can become incarcerated or strangulated, cutting off blood flow to the rectum. 
• This can lead to tissue death and require emergency surgery. 
• Rectal prolapse can also cause psychological distress and affect quality of life. 

What Foods Should You Eat If You Have A Rectal Prolapse?

• High-fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains can help alleviate symptoms of rectal prolapse.
• In particular, foods high in insoluble fiber like bran and beans can help bulk up stool and prevent constipation.
• Drinking plenty of water is also important to prevent constipation and make bowel movements easier.
• Probiotic foods like yogurt and kefir can help promote healthy gut bacteria, which can aid in digestion and reduce inflammation.
• Lean proteins like chicken, fish, and tofu can provide important nutrients without adding excess fat to the diet.
• Low-fat dairy products like milk and cheese can also be a good source of protein and calcium.
• Avoiding processed foods and sugary drinks can help maintain a healthy weight and reduce inflammation in the body.
• Avoiding spicy or acidic foods can help reduce symptoms of rectal prolapse.
• It’s important to talk to a healthcare provider or registered dietitian to get a personalized diet plan that meets individual needs.
• In general, a well-balanced diet that emphasizes whole, nutrient-dense foods can help support overall health and reduce symptoms of rectal prolapse.

What Foods Should You Avoid If You Have A Rectal Prolapse?

If you’re diagnosed with a rectal prolapse, it is important that you make some changes to your diet. Listed below are some foods you should avoid if you have a rectal prolapse: 

• Spicy foods: Spicy foods can irritate the digestive system and cause discomfort for those with rectal prolapse.
• Processed foods: Processed foods can be high in sodium and contribute to constipation, which can aggravate a rectal prolapse.
• Fried foods: Fried foods are often high in fat and can be difficult to digest, leading to discomfort for those with rectal prolapse.
• Dairy products: Dairy products can be constipating for some individuals, which can exacerbate symptoms and worsen the condition of prolapsed anus.
• Red meat: Red meat can be difficult to digest and contribute to constipation, which can worsen rectal prolapse symptoms.
• Caffeine: Caffeine can be dehydrating and contribute to constipation, which can be problematic for those with rectal prolapse.
• Alcohol: Alcohol can be dehydrating and contribute to constipation, which can worsen symptoms of rectal prolapse.
• Carbonated beverages: Carbonated beverages can contribute to bloating and discomfort in the digestive system, which can be problematic for those with rectal prolapse.
• Spicy condiments: Spicy condiments like hot sauce and chili flakes can irritate the digestive system and exacerbate symptoms of rectal prolapse.
• High-fiber foods: While fiber is generally good for digestive health, too much fiber can be difficult to digest and contribute to constipation, which can be problematic for those who are suffering from prolapsed anus.