Vocal cord surgery, also known as laryngeal surgery or laryngoscopy, is a very successful and effective treatment for a variety of laryngeal conditions such as vocal cord nodules, polyps, and cysts. The surgery can be performed traditionally, microscopically or through a laser. Generally, minimally invasive or laser surgeries are preferred as they reduce the risk of vocal cord scarring and do not have a severe impact on the patient’s voice quality.
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Vocal cord surgery is performed for the removal of laryngeal lesions, like benign nodules, cysts, polyps, etc., without affecting the patient’s vocal ability. It is often required in:
The surgery can be a little complex and can potentially lead to severe ramifications for the patient’s everyday life. Therefore, before the surgery, every patient should be given thorough education regarding the risks and benefits of the surgery. If the patient is a smoker, then they should quit the habit to ease the hoarseness and irritation of the vocal folds. They should rest their voice and avoid eating foods that can cause acidity.
Before the surgery, a thorough diagnosis is necessary to ensure the efficacy of the treatment plan in managing the patient’s symptoms. Diagnosis before vocal cord surgery is generally based on direct or indirect visualization via a mirror or laryngoscope. In case cancer is suspected, biopsy of the lesion is also recommended before surgery planning. Other diagnostic tests that may be performed include blood tests, MRI scan, laryngeal electromyography, etc.
The vocal cord surgery procedure may differ based on the type of surgery.
Different types of vocal cord surgeries are:
Vocal cord surgery is the most effective and minimally invasive treatment for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of vocal fold lesions such as cancer, cysts, papilloma, polyps, and Reinke’s edema. It also provides effective management for acute or chronic trauma to the vocal cords.
Most patients also need surgery intervention if they have dysphonia (poor voice quality), dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), or stridor (abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound) due to airway obstruction.
Long-term benefits of vocal cord surgery are:
The patient may have slight pain and discomfort, but that is usually managed through over-the-counter medications. They can resume work within a couple of days, especially if your job doesn’t require speaking too much.
Complete recovery usually takes at least 1-3 months, depending on the type and complexity of the surgery. Most patients don’t have significant improvement in their vocal quality for the first couple of weeks so they should stay patient and follow recovery tips as suggested by their doctor.
The surgery is performed very carefully and with minimal cuts to ensure no damage occurs to the oral or vocal tissues, however in some cases, it can result in complications like:
Out of these, the most problematic complication is vocal fold scar as it can affect the voice quality and necessitate further treatment for the patient. You should consult the doctor if you notice any signs of complications such as difficulty breathing, sore throat, difficulty in swallowing (worse than before the surgery), fever, etc.
Following the surgery, the patient should follow the given recovery and precautionary tips to improve recovery and prevent complications: