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Infertility is defined as the inability of a woman to get pregnant even after having frequent intercourses for at least a year. Most couple indulge in unprotected sex 2-3 times a week to be able to conceive. But, when pregnancy does not occur even after one year, and after diagnosis, the woman is confirmed to have a certain problem, she should get treated or seek medical help. It is important to note that female infertility is not always the reason for the woman not getting pregnant infertility can be a result from problems in the man, the woman, or both the partners. A woman should not be considered infertile without proper medical diagnosis. To understand if a woman is infertile or not, proper diagnosis is of utmost importance.
Infertility is a common phenomenon and it is increasing with the changing lifestyle and habits . According to a report by the Indian Society of Assisted Reproduction, 10-14% of the Indian population suffers from infertility. According to some estimates, this amounts to roughly one in every six couples in urban India.
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Some of the tests suggested to diagnose female infertility are:
1. Blood tests – These tests examine your hormone and thyroid levels to help filter any abnormalities.
2. Imaging tests – Imaging tests such as pelvic ultrasound, MRI, and sonography are used to examine structural abnormalities in the uterus and ovaries of women. If need be, laparoscopy or hysteroscopy may be suggested.
3. X-ray hysterosalpingogram (HSG) – HSG test is done to examine any structural blockages in the fallopian tubes. For this, your OB-GYN injects a clinically safe dye inside your cervical opening and monitors its movement through your fallopian tube.
4.Ovulation testing – Ovulation test is a simple blood test done to determine if you are ovulating or not. Based on the same, your OB-GYN puts you on ovulation drugs.
5.Test for ovarian reserve – Ovarian reserve tests are done at the beginning of your menstruation cycle to check for the number of eggs available in your ovaries for ovulation.
6. Endometrial Biopsy- In rare cases, or for women in the early ’40s, an endometrial biopsy may be employed. It is a test done to check any abnormalities in the endometrial lining of the female uterus.
For this, your OBGYN uses a tissue sample of your uterine lining and sends it for a lab test.
The treatment will depend on the evaluation of infertility. Depending on the cause, the doctor might suggest medication or surgery.
The doctor might recommend medications like Clomiphene which are used to stimulate the ovary to release one or more eggs. The medications also work to adjust your hormonal levels. The doctor might also recommend Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone which are used to stimulate the ovaries to release eggs.
When medications fail, the doctor might suggest you to undergo surgical treatments where matured eggs are harvested after fertility drug treatment. This includes Intrauterine insemination (IUI) and In vitro fertilization (IVF).
In Our Doctor's Word
"Age is one of the primary infertility factors for females. With changing timelines in education, career, and marriage; an average age of conception in urban women has raised to more than 35 years of age. By this time, both- the egg number and quality declines steeply. And while this is only natural, when combined with stressed work life, pollution, improper diet and increasing dependence on junk food, the natural conception becomes harder than before. Now add to this the risks of smoking, tobacco and alcohol- the chances bleak even further! My honest advice would be, if you have been trying to conceive for more than 1 year, seek immediate medical help and get yourself thoroughly checked. Only an early diagnosis can help suggest you the best supportive method. Also, if you are not ready for a child yet, consult a good gynecologist and consider egg freezing. It might be one of your best decisions."
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You have multiple options based on the root cause of your infertility. Some of them include:
Fertility medications Fertility drugs are typically the first resolution for female factor infertility. However, the same may change depending on the root cause of your issue.
Usually, the most commonly used fertility drugs are gonadotropins and Clomid. These medicines are used to stimulate ovulation. If need be, they may also be paired with assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF and IUI.
Different types of gonadotropins used for infertility treatments include:
As the name suggests, Assisted Reproductive Technologies are advanced medical technologies used to aid reproduction in couples with infertility issues. It works best for women who have issues with the fallopian tube or in couples where the sperm cannot swim to fertilize the egg. Four of the most ART procedures include-
Egg donor As the name suggests, this method provides an option for pregnancy using donated eggs (from another fertile woman) and using them in an IVF cycle.
1. What is the main reason for my infertility?
2. Is the problem only with me or also with my partner?
3. Can my fertility be treated with medicines?
4. Are there any lifestyle modifications that might help me get pregnant?
5. If the infertility cause is unclear, which line of treatment do you recommend?
6. What are my chances of pregnancy with these treatment methods?
7. What is the guarantee that I will conceive with this treatment?
8. How does IUI/ IVF work?
9. Can IUI/ IVF lead to multiple babies?
10. What are our treatment options, and how much do they cost?
11. What are my payment options?
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