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Colorectal surgery is a broad term used to describe various surgical procedures to treat the problems of the lower gut. The surgery treats colon, anus, and rectum conditions like hemorrhoids, colorectal polyps, anal fistula, colon and rectal cancer, and more. Pristyn Care is associated with some of the best hospitals for colorectal surgeries in major cities all over India. Book your Discounted consultation today with Pristyn Care for proper guidance and safe colorectal surgery.
Colorectal surgery is a broad term used to describe various surgical procedures to ... Read More
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Colorectal surgery is a field of medicine that deals with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. The field, also known as proctology, has many surgical procedures that treat various medical conditions affecting the lower digestive tract. Some conditions of the lower digestive tract include:
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Before colorectal surgery, your proctologist will likely perform certain tests and diagnostics to evaluate your overall health and the severity of your medical condition. Some of the most common tests that are usually performed before any colorectal surgery are given below:Â
Anoscopy: An anoscopy is a procedure that uses a small tube called an anoscope to view the lining of the anus and rectum. An anoscopy is often used to diagnose: piles, anal fissures, anal polyps, and cancer of the anus or rectum.Â
Digital rectal examination: This test examines a patient’s lower rectum, lower belly, and pelvis. A digital rectal exam can help your doctor check for cancer and other medical problems, including piles, abnormal mass in the anus or rectum, colon polyps, anal fissures, etc.Â
Flexible sigmoidoscopy: Flexible sigmoidoscopy is a procedure where a medical professional uses a narrow, flexible tube with a light and camera on one end, called a sigmoidoscope, to look inside the patient’s rectum and lower colon. It can show irritated or swollen tissue, colorectal polyps, and cancer.
Colonoscopy: A colonoscopy is an exam that looks for changes â swollen, irritated tissues, colorectal polyps, or cancer â in the large intestine and rectum. A long, flexible tube (colonoscope) is inserted into the rectum during a colonoscopy, and a tiny video camera at the tip of the tube helps the doctor to view the inside of the entire colon.
MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used to diagnose and treat colorectal disorders. It is an established technique for evaluating and staging colorectal diseases like rectal cancer, perianal fistulas, etc.Â
What Happens During Colorectal Surgery?
Step 1 · 30â60 mins
Hospital Admission
The patient arrives at the hospital on the scheduled day of surgery.
Registration and admission formalities are completed.
Vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse, temperature, and oxygen levels are checked.
Blood tests, colonoscopy reports, imaging scans, and other medical records are reviewed.
The colorectal surgeon confirms the surgical plan based on the patient's condition.
Step 2 · 1â2 Hours
Pre-surgery Preparation
The colorectal surgeon reviews the patient's symptoms, diagnosis, and type of surgery required.
The anesthetist performs a final pre-anesthesia assessment.
Consent forms are signed after discussing the procedure, benefits, and possible risks.
Bowel preparation may be performed before surgery to clean the colon, if required.
An IV line is started for fluids, antibiotics, and medications.
The surgical area is cleaned and prepared.
Step 3 · 10â15 mins
Anesthesia Administration
The patient is taken to the operation theatre.
General anesthesia is administered to ensure a pain-free procedure.
The patient remains asleep and comfortable throughout the surgery.
Step 4 · 1â4 Hours
Colorectal Surgery Procedure Begins
The surgeon performs the required colorectal procedure based on the condition, such as colon resection, rectal surgery, removal of abnormal growths, or treatment of colorectal disease.
The surgery may be performed using laparoscopic (minimally invasive) or open techniques.
The diseased or damaged portion of the colon or rectum is carefully removed when required.
The healthy bowel ends are joined together (anastomosis) to restore normal bowel continuity whenever possible.
In some cases, a temporary or permanent stoma (colostomy/ileostomy) may be created if needed.
The surgical area is checked for bleeding and proper bowel function before closure.
Incisions are closed with sutures or staples, and sterile dressings are applied.
Step 5 · 2â4 Hours
Recovery Room Observation
The patient is shifted to the recovery room for close monitoring.
Nurses monitor blood pressure, pulse, oxygen levels, pain control, and abdominal condition.
IV fluids and medications are continued as required.
The healthcare team monitors bowel function, urine output, and recovery progress.
Step 6 · 3â7 Days (Depending on Surgery Type)
Hospital Stay & Discharge
The patient is discharged once bowel function returns, pain is controlled, and recovery is stable.
Pain relief medicines, antibiotics (if prescribed), and wound care instructions are provided.
Guidance regarding diet progression, physical activity, and bowel habits is explained.
Patients with a stoma receive instructions on stoma care and management.
Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor healing and recovery.
Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they experience severe abdominal pain, fever, persistent vomiting, heavy bleeding, wound discharge, or signs of infection.
Colorectal medical conditions require different surgical procedures for treatment. Some of the most commonly performed colorectal surgeries include:
Laser Surgery
Laser surgery for piles is an outpatient, quick, and less-invasive medical procedure. The treatment uses a fine laser beam to remove the swollen blood vessels in the anal region. However, the surrounding healthy tissues remain unaffected during the treatment for piles. People prefer laser treatment for piles due to its several benefits, and it is a preferred treatment option for acute symptoms.Â
Hemorrhoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove severe hemorrhoids. There are several types of hemorrhoidectomy procedures where:
Hemorrhoidectomy is usually a day procedure carried out under a general anesthetic. The procedure is common and generally safe, but recovery after surgery can take a few weeks and be painful.
Hemorrhoid Stapling
A hemorrhoid stapling, sometimes called stapled hemorrhoidopexy, involves cutting and removing an anal hemorrhoidal vascular cushion, whose role is to help seal stools and create continence. The process removes abnormally enlarged hemorrhoidal tissue and repositions the remaining hemorrhoidal tissue back to its normal anatomic position.
Hemorrhoid stapling is an effective treatment for internal hemorrhoids but not for anal fissures or external hemorrhoids. During this procedure, the anal sphincter muscle is pulled in due to tight stapling. If external hemorrhoids are present, they also get pulled in and reappear when staples fall after a few months, and the sphincter returns to its normal position. Â
Rubber Band Ligation
Hemorrhoid banding, or rubber band ligation is a treatment for hemorrhoids that does not respond to home remedies. It is a minimally invasive technique that involves tying the base of the hemorrhoid with a rubber band to stop blood flow to the hemorrhoid.
Rubber band ligation is an outpatient procedure, meaning you wonât need to stay in a hospital. Before the procedure, you will be given anesthesia or have a topical anesthetic applied to the rectum. If the hemorrhoids are extremely painful, or you need to have a lot of them banded, you may require general anesthesia.
Coagulation
Coagulation is a non-surgical treatment for hemorrhoids that uses heat to clot the veins and cut off the blood supply to hemorrhoids. It works by coagulating the vessels that provide the hemorrhoid with blood which causes the hemorrhoid tissue to shrink. It is a minimal pain and minor procedure that takes less than 10 minutes and is performed without anesthesia. If a particular hemorrhoid is bothering you, it will be targeted first.
Before undergoing colorectal surgery, the colorectal surgeon will suggest stopping over-the-counter medications like aspirin. The patient must also prepare the bowel by taking laxatives before the surgery. The objective is to clear the lower digestive tract to give the surgeon a clean surgical field. This also prevents postoperative infections and other medical complications. Apart from this, other preparations for abdominal surgery may require the following:Â
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Some of the most common risks and complications that can occur after a colorectal surgery are:Â
Depending on the type of colorectal surgery, patients need to stay in the hospital for 1-2 days. The recovery time for colorectal surgery is around 6-8 weeks, though it can sometimes be longer. The doctor will also provide a post-operative care package to ensure minimal risks and faster recovery. Apart from this, other post-operative care includes:Â
