Classification of Obesity & Treatment Options

Struggling with excessive weight gain and looking for an effective obesity treatment regimen? At Pristyn Care, we offer customized diet plans and long-term care to address the root causes of obesity. Consult our experts now for an expert-led treatment.

Struggling with excessive weight gain and looking for an effective obesity treatment regimen? ... Read More

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What is Obesity?

Obesity is categorized by the excessive and abnormal accumulation of fat, posing a serious health risk. It is a chronic and complex medical condition that can affect the patient’s overall health and quality of life. Obesity increases the risk of the development of several health conditions, such as non-communicable diseases, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, etc.

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Obesity Grades

The doctor may define obesity depending on the following parameters.

BMI: Body mass index is one of the common ways to measure obesity. According to the WHO, people with a BMI over 25 are considered overweight, and over 30 are obese. BMI is measured by calculating the average body weight against the average body height.

Obesity Classification BMI

Based on the BMI, obesity classification is done into three categories.

Class I obesity or obese class 1:- BMI 30 – <35 kg/m²
Class II obesity or obese class 2:- BMI 35 – < 40 kg/m²
Class III obesity:- BMI 40+ kg/m²

Body Shape: The doctors measure the waist circumference to understand the body shape. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, females with a waist circumference of more than 35 inches and males with a waist circumference of 40 inches are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular illnesses. The extra weight indicates an additional risk of developing health issues that obesity may cause.

Health Risks Associated With Obesity

High blood sugar levels
High blood pressure levels
Gallstones and other liver issues
High blood cholesterol and triglycerides
Cardiac issues, such as heart failure, stroke, and coronary heart disease
Excessive pressure on the bones and joints may lead to the development of osteoarthritis, a disease that causes joint pain and stiffness
Other issues, such as sleep apnea or breathing difficulties during sleep. Obesity can cause fatigue, sleepiness, and difficulties with concentration

Causes of Obesity

Genetics. It is common for obesity to run in families. The amount and distribution of body fat that you store are influenced by the genes that you inherited from your parents. Your body’s ability to effectively turn food into energy, regulate your appetite, and burn calories while exercising may also be influenced by your genetic makeup.
Lifestyle Choices. Unhealthy lifestyle choices such as consuming a diet high in calories, low in fresh fruits and vegetables, and oversized portions contribute to weight gain. Additionally, sugary soft drinks, an inactive lifestyle have been a major contributor towards developing obesity.
Certain Medications. Health conditions, such as hyperthyroidism, Cushing syndrome, and Prader-Willi syndrome, are associated with excessive weight gain. Also, some medical conditions, such as osteoarthritis, lead to reduced activity, which may eventually cause weight gain. Additionally, several medications, including antidepressants, steroids, diabetes medications, and anti-seizure medications, also contribute to weight gain.
Lack of Physical Activity. Extended hours of screen time, such as playing video games, using mobile phones, or using laptops, reduce physical activity.
Lack of Sleep. An irregular sleeping pattern or less than seven hours of sleep on a regular basis affects the hormones that keep hunger under control.
Increased Stress Levels. You are more likely to eat food items high in fat and sugar when you are stressed.

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Obesity Diagnosis

Your weight, height, and waist circumference will be measured by your doctor for the obesity diagnosis. The doctor may also perform body composition tests, such as a bone density scan test, or a bioelectrical impedance analysis. Based on the rate at which an electric current is passed through the body, the body composition is measured. Additionally, your doctor may also discuss the following:-

Medical History. Your family history, medical history, and medications that you are consuming need to be discussed with a doctor for the obesity diagnosis.
Weight History. Your doctor will try to understand your experience with the weight gain and weight management strategies.
Mental Well-being. Factors affecting your mental well-being, such as stress, lack of sleep, will be discussed, as these play a crucial role in gaining weight.
Blood Test. A blood test will be performed to examine the significant weight loss signs and the root cause behind obesity.

Overweight vs Obese: What Is The Difference?

Overweight	Obese
More than normal body weight, but less severe than obesity	A severe condition that may cause several health risks
Mild hypertension and early signs of metabolic syndrome are a few of the common signs	Diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea are common symptoms.
BMI is 25-30 kg/m²	BMI is >=40 kg/m²
Dietary and lifestyle changes may offer an effective treatment	Intensive lifestyle changes and surgical interventions are essential

Treatment Options for Obesity

When you are diagnosed with obesity, your doctor will focus on reducing the number of calories that you consume, increasing the physical activity in your routine, and will ask you to adopt some healthy lifestyle changes. Depending on your BMI, current health condition, the doctor may discuss some dietary changes, weight loss treatment programs, offer some medicines, or recommend surgery in severe cases.

Lifestyle Changes

Choose heart-healthy foods. The doctor will suggest that you eat the right number of calories in order to maintain a healthy weight.
Regular physical activity. Depending on your medical condition, the doctor may suggest some exercises or ask you to incorporate physical activity in your routine.
Better sleep. According to several studies, lack of sleep has been linked to obesity. Several health experts have recommended 7 to 8 hours of sleep per night for adults.

Weight Loss Programs

Consult a medical professional, such as, doctor, nurse, or weight loss expert, for proper exercise, effective weight loss pills, and a dietary routine.
Devise a proper routine, including the type of food that you eat, and a daily schedule to maintain overall health while working on weight loss.
Change your eating patterns and quit unhealthy lifestyle habits.
Long-term strategies that work on reducing stress and weight gain through the adoption of healthy habits.

Devices for Obesity Treatment

The FDA has approved the following three devices for obesity treatment. Approximately 50% of patients who have these devices implanted experience a loss of at least 5% of their initial body weight.

Gastric balloons. Either an endoscope (a long, flexible tube with a tiny camera and a light at the end) or a swallowable capsule connected to a thin catheter is used to insert gastric balloons into the stomach. Depending on the device, the balloons may then be sealed after being filled with liquid (such as salt water) or gas. They are later taken out.
Gastric bands. Through surgically implanting gastric bands around the stomach, a person can limit the amount of food they can eat at once and lengthen their digestion time, consequently causing them to eat less.
Gastric emptying systems. It consists of a port that rests against the abdominal skin and a tube that is inserted into the stomach using an endoscope. Twenty to thirty minutes after meals, the tube drains some of the stomach contents into a container. When the patient achieves their target weight, the device is removed.

Surgery for Obesity

Several people are not able to lose weight through lifestyle changes and medications. Additionally, if your BMI is 35 or greater, you are at an additional risk of obesity-related complications. The following are the popular weight loss or bariatric surgeries.

Gastrectomy. It involves the removal of a large portion of the stomach that reduces the amount of food you eat.
Gastric Banding. It works towards creating a smaller stomach by placing a gastric band around the upper part of the stomach.
Gastric Bypass Surgery. The surgery involves connecting a small part of the stomach to the middle part of the intestine, while bypassing the first part of the intestine. It reduces the food you can eat and the amount of fat your body can consume and store.