Cataract Surgery - Diagnosis, Recovery, Procedure and Benefits

Who Is The Right Candidate For Laser Cataract Surgery?

The decision of laser cataract surgery is typically made by an ophthalmologist based on the person’s symptoms, visual impairment, and the impact of cataracts on their daily activities and quality of life. While each case is unique, certain criteria help decide if someone is a suitable candidate for cataract surgery. These criteria include:

• Visual Symptoms: Cataract surgery is considered appropriate when the clouding of the lens significantly impacts a person’s vision, leading to problems with daily activities such as reading and driving. Surgery may be suggested if cataracts cause significant visual impairment that cannot be corrected with glasses or contact lenses.
• Impact on Daily Life: Cataracts can interfere with an individual’s ability to perform activities essential for daily life, such as driving, reading, or working. If cataracts affect the person’s quality of life and independence, cataract surgery may be considered.
• Overall Eye Health: Apart from cataracts, the eye’s overall health is also considered to ensure that cataract surgery is the right intervention. Other eye conditions, such as glaucoma or macular degeneration, may coexist with cataracts and must be considered while considering surgical intervention.
• Cataract Progression: The rate of cataract progression differs among people. If cataracts progress rapidly and significantly impair vision, surgery may be advised at an earlier stage. However, if cataracts develop slowly and have less impact on vision, the surgery may be delayed until they cause more prominent vision impairment.

What Are The Benefits Of Laser Cataract Surgery?

Laser Cataract Surgery is a highly effective procedure that offers numerous benefits to people with cataracts. Some of the key benefits of cataract surgery include:

• Improved Vision: The cataract surgery lens helps to restore clear vision by concentrating light properly onto the retina. After the surgery, many people experience a significant improvement in their visual clarity.
• Reduced Visual Symptoms: Cataracts can lead to various visual symptoms such as blurred vision, difficulty reading, glare or sensitivity to light, reduced night vision, color distortion, etc. Cataract surgery can help alleviate these symptoms.
• Increased Quality of Life: Cataract surgery can enhance a person’s independence and overall quality of life. It helps them recover functional vision and perform tasks like driving, reading, and participating in hobbies or social activities.
• Clearer Colors: Cataracts can cause colors to appear dull, faded, or yellowed. By removing the clouded lens and planting an artificial IOL, cataract eye surgery can restore the ability to perceive colors accurately.
• Potential Decrease in Eyeglass Dependence: Depending on the type of cataract surgery and artificial lenses placed, you may be able to see better than you have in a while. With advanced intraocular lens implants, your vision may be corrected entirely so that you can see properly without glasses or contacts.
• Long-term Benefits: Cataract surgery provides long-term benefits. Once the cataract is removed and an IOL is placed, it does not regrow or return. The advantages of improved vision typically persist for the long term, allowing people to enjoy clear vision for years to come.
• Prevents injuries from falls: Falls are a leading cause of death and injury among older adults. Cataract removal can reduce the risk of falls.

How To Prepare For Cataract Surgery?

Here are some ways to prepare for cataract surgery:

• Medications: Follow your doctor’s instructions regarding the use of eye drops or medications before the surgery. You may be prescribed antibiotics or anti-inflammatory eye drops to use in the days leading up to the procedure to prevent infection and ease swelling.
• Remove all makeup before surgery: Do not apply makeup to the eyes or any other part of the face on the day of your surgery. This includes facial lotions, creams, and aftershave. Before surgery, wash your face with soap and water. Bacteria that enter the eye come from the eyelids or eyelashes, so it is essential to keep them (and the surrounding area) as clean as possible. 
• Stop wearing contact lenses: Your doctor will probably advise you to stop wearing contact lenses for 1 to 4 weeks before eye cataract surgery. It is essential to follow your doctor’s instructions. Contact lenses change the shape of the cornea’s surface, which is important to measure for proper IOL selection. If you use hard lenses, you may be asked to stop wearing them longer than someone who uses soft lenses. This is because it takes longer for the corneal surface to return to its natural shape after wearing hard lenses. 
• Fasting Instructions: Depending on the type of anesthesia used, you may be instructed to fast for a certain period before the surgery. This ensures an empty stomach during the procedure and reduces the risk of anesthesia-related complications.
• Arrange Transportation: Since cataract surgery involves using anesthesia, you cannot drive yourself home after the procedure. Therefore, arrange for a family member or friend to accompany you to the hospital and drive you home afterward.
• Inform Your Surgeon: Inform your surgeon about any changes in your health or if you develop a sickness, such as a cold or fever, before the surgery. These factors can potentially affect the timing of the procedure.
• Treat blepharitis before surgery: Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids. It happens when small oil glands near the base of the eyelid become clogged, but allergies and other conditions can also cause it. It is important to treat blepharitis before cataract surgery. If you have been diagnosed with blepharitis, your doctor may prescribe medications to control inflammation and fight infection. 
• Manage dry eye: Dry eye is a common eye condition that happens when your eyes do not make enough quality tears and don’t provide sufficient lubrication. If your doctor determines that you have dry eye, he/she will probably suggest treating it before surgery. You may be prescribed artificial tears or other topical medications. Using eye drops and other medications as directed is essential to improve the ocular surface before cataract surgery.

What Are The Recovery Tips and Precautions To Follow After Cataract Surgery?

Recovering from cataract surgery is generally a smooth process, but it is essential to follow your surgeon’s post-operative instructions for optimal healing and vision improvement.

Here are some general tips for a smooth recovery after cataract surgery:

• Follow your surgeon’s instructions: Your surgeon will provide specific post-operative instructions tailored to your situation. It is crucial to follow these instructions diligently, including the use of prescribed eye drops, medications, and any recommended restrictions or precautions.
• Use prescribed eye drops: Your surgeon will prescribe eye drops to prevent infection, reduce inflammation, and help with healing. Follow the recommended schedule and technique for applying the drops. Be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before administering the drops.
• Protect your eyes: After surgery, it is important to protect your eyes from injury and infection. Use the protective shield or eyeglasses provided by your surgeon, especially while sleeping, to prevent accidental rubbing or bumping of the eyes. Avoid activities that may expose your eyes to dust, wind, or potential irritants.
• Rest and relax: Give your eyes ample rest and avoid strenuous activities for the first few days following surgery. Resting helps promote healing and reduces the risk of complications. Avoid activities that may strain your eyes, such as reading, using electronic devices, or watching TV excessively.
• Avoid rubbing or touching your eyes: It is crucial to avoid rubbing or touching your eyes during the recovery period. Touching your eyes can increase the risk of infection and disrupt the healing process. If you experience itching or discomfort, consult your surgeon for appropriate remedies.
• Keep the eye area clean: Follow your surgeon’s instructions on how to clean the eye area. Use a gentle, non-irritating cleanser, and avoid getting water or soap directly into your eyes. Be cautious when washing your face to prevent accidental contact with the eyes.
• Attend follow-up appointments: Regular follow-up appointments with your surgeon are essential for monitoring your progress and addressing any concerns. Attend all scheduled appointments and inform your surgeon of any changes or issues you may be experiencing.
• Be patient with your vision: It is normal for your vision to fluctuate and gradually improve in the days and weeks following cataract surgery. Your vision may be initially blurry or hazy, but it should gradually clear up as your eyes heal. If you have any concerns about your vision, discuss them with your surgeon.
• Maintain a healthy lifestyle: A healthy lifestyle can support your overall eye health and aid in the recovery process. Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and nutrients. Stay hydrated, get regular exercise, and avoid smoking, as smoking can impede the healing process and increase the risk of complications.

Potential Risks or Complications Associated with Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is generally considered safe and effective, but like any surgical procedure, it carries some potential risks and complications. It is important to be aware of these possibilities and discuss them with your surgeon before undergoing the surgery.

Here are some potential risks and complications associated with cataract surgery:

• Infection: Although rare, there is a risk of infection after cataract surgery. Signs of infection may include increased redness, pain, swelling, or discharge from the eye. Prompt medical attention is necessary if an infection is suspected.
• Inflammation: In some cases, inflammation can occur after cataract surgery. This is managed with anti-inflammatory eye drops, but severe or prolonged inflammation may require additional treatment.
• Swelling of the cornea: Following cataract surgery, the cornea can experience swelling, a condition called corneal edema. This can cause blurred or hazy vision. Most cases resolve on their own, but in some instances, medication or other interventions may be necessary.
• Retinal detachment: Retinal detachment is a rare but serious complication that can occur after cataract surgery. It involves the separation of the light-sensitive retina from its underlying tissue. Symptoms may include a sudden increase in floaters, flashes of light, or a curtain-like shadow in the field of vision.
• Secondary cataract: In some cases, a condition called posterior capsular opacification (PCO) can develop months or years after cataract surgery. PCO causes the back portion of the lens capsule to become cloudy, resulting in vision changes similar to those caused by cataracts.
• Dislocated or misplaced intraocular lens (IOL): During cataract surgery, an artificial intraocular lens is implanted to replace the clouded natural lens. In rare instances, the IOL may become dislocated or misplaced, requiring additional surgery to reposition or replace it.
• Glaucoma: Cataract surgery can sometimes lead to an increase in intraocular pressure, causing or exacerbating glaucoma. Glaucoma can usually be managed with medication or other treatments.
• Vision changes: While cataract surgery generally improves vision, some patients may experience changes in vision quality, such as glare, halos, or difficulty with night vision. These symptoms are usually temporary and tend to improve over time.

The risks and complications associated with cataract surgery are relatively rare, and the vast majority of patients experience successful outcomes. Your surgeon will evaluate your individual circumstances and discuss the potential risks and benefits of the procedure with you in detail.

What Is The Cost Of Cataract Surgery In India?

The Cataract surgery cost may depend on various factors, Some factors that affect the cost of surgery in India include the following:

• Hospital or Clinic: The choice of hospital or clinic can affect the cost of cataract surgery. Different healthcare facilities may have distinct pricing structures, which can result in deviations in the overall cost.
• Location of The Clinic: Depending on the city, the cost might change. Metropolitan cities often have expensive hospital setups in comparison to smaller towns. Also, the cost of setting up a hospital is much higher in big cities.
• Technology: An eye care hospital with the latest technology, a reputed eye surgeon, and state-of-the-art equipment may charge a bit more than other hospitals.
• Surgeon’s Expertise and Reputation: The surgeon’s experience, skill level, and reputation can affect the cost. Highly experienced and well-known surgeons may charge higher fees for their services.
• Type of IOL: The intraocular lens chosen for implantation can influence the cost. Premium lenses, which provide added benefits such as reduced dependence on glasses, may have a higher cost than standard lenses.
• Type of Technique: Depending on the type of cataract ( age-related cataracts, congenital cataracts, traumatic cataracts, etc.), the eye doctor will determine the best-suited technique for removing the affected lens. The cost range of one surgical procedure may differ from another technique for cataract removal and will impact the overall cost of the cataract treatment.
• Diagnostic Tests and Preoperative Evaluation: The cost of diagnostic tests and preoperative evaluations may be included in the total cost of cataract surgery. The extent and complexity of these evaluations can affect the cataract surgery cost.
• Anesthesia: The type of anesthesia used during the surgery can impact the overall cost. Cataract surgery can be performed under local anesthesia with or without sedation or sometimes under general anesthesia. 
• Additional Services and Facilities: Additional services or facilities provided by the hospital or clinic, such as postoperative care, follow-up appointments, or specialized equipment, may contribute to the overall cost.

Case Study

Deepak Mehta, a man in his late 60s was diagnosed with a cataract in both his eyes. He was facing issues seeing things at a long distance and mild discomfort in his left eye. Mr. Mehta contacted Pristyn Care, Bangalore for his cataract surgery. Our experienced ophthalmologist performed the surgery without any complications. Our doctors and staff took excellent care of Mr. Mehta before as well as after the surgery. He is recovering well without any complications. 

Is cataract surgery covered under insurance?

Yes, cataract surgery is covered by medical insurance in India. Insurance makes it easier for patients to cover the overall expense of cataract surgery. However, the terms and conditions around the coverage and the amount you can claim may vary for each patient.

All types of surgery, including phacoemulsification, MICS, and FLACS, are covered by health insurance. Though the cost of each technique is different, the insurance plan will cover the cost of treatment entirely or partially. For instance, phacoemulsification cataract surgery costs around Rs. 25,000 to Rs. 40,000 per eye, extracapsular cataract surgery costs around Rs. 40,000 to Rs. 60,000 per eye, and bladeless cataract surgery costs around Rs. 85,000 to Rs. 1,40,000. *Note- Bladeless procedures involve MICS (micro-incision cataract surgery) and FLACS (Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery)

References & Guidelines

1. Blindness and vision impairment
2. Cataract Data and Statistics
3. Cataract: Conditions and Surgery