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Have you been diagnosed with a hernia? And looking for a minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery? Consult the best hernia surgeons in India at Pristyn Care for a tailored treatment.
Have you been diagnosed with a hernia? And looking for a minimally invasive ... Read More
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Ashrmam Ln, Sasthamangalam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695010
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PA Sayed Memorial Bldg, Marine Drive, Ernakulam
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Most hernias develop within the abdominal cavity, i.e., between the chest and hips. Hernias are usually not considered dangerous. If left untreated, they tend to get bigger and lead to life-threatening complications.
It can occur in both males and females. Some common types of hernias are:
It appears in the groin region. The symptoms of an inguinal hernia develop when a section of the intestine or bladder pushes through the abdominal wall or into the inguinal canal. This type of hernia mostly occurs in males.
The intestine protrudes through the weak abdominal muscles around the navel or belly button. It mostly develops in infants and often resolves within a year or so. Adult males and females can also develop this hernia.
Symptoms develop when the opening in the diaphragm, where the oesophagus passes through, widens. The stomach then pushes through this opening, creating a bulge in the chest.
It develops when internal organs or tissues push through the groin. This happens around the femoral artery, which is located in the upper thigh region. A femoral hernia most commonly develops in females.
It is also known as a ventral hernia. An incisional hernia develops in the area of a previous surgical incision. In this condition, the intestine or other organs push through the weak scar tissue in the abdominal wall.
Other types of hernia include,
Hernias often cause discomfort, pain, and a visible bulge in the affected area. They can be left untreated initially, but need to be monitored properly. However, if the condition worsens, surgical repair is essential to alleviate symptoms.
• Disease name
Hernia
• Surgery name
Herniorrhaphy
• Duration
35-45 minutes
• Treated by
General Surgeon
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Hernia develops when part of an internal organ or fatty tissue pushes through a weak spot. This weak spot is in the muscle or the surrounding connective tissue.
Hernias usually occur in the abdominal wall but can appear in other areas as well. The condition often results in a bulge, which may become more noticeable when standing, coughing, or straining. It can cause discomfort, pain, or a heavy feeling, although some hernias may remain painless in the early stages.
Hernias are generally caused by a combination of muscle weakness and strain. These factors may develop due to aging, surgery, injury, or heavy lifting. Although not always dangerous at first, hernias do not heal on their own and often worsen over time. If untreated, complications such as obstruction or strangulation can occur, which require emergency care.
There are different types of hernias depending on where they form in the body. Each type requires a proper medical diagnosis and treatment plan.
Laparoscopic hernia surgery is a modern surgical method. It is used to repair hernias with minimal cuts and faster recovery. The surgeon makes a few small incisions through which he inserts a tiny camera, known as a laparoscope. The camera shows a live video on a monitor, allowing the surgeon to repair the weak area by placing a mesh for support.
Benefits of this technique include:
Carbon dioxide gas is used to gently inflate the abdomen, giving the surgeon space to work. This method is useful for people with hernias on both sides or those who have had previous hernia repairs. However, it may not be suitable for every case. The choice of procedure depends on the size of the hernia, the patient’s health, and the surgeon’s assessment.
Hernias are medically classified based on their location and the tissues involved. Each category presents distinct characteristics that help in clinical assessment and treatment decisions.
Commonly Recognised Types:
These variations differ in presentation, prevalence, and potential complications. Timely evaluation by a medical specialist is important to determine suitable management.
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A hernia develops when tissue or internal organs project through a defect in the muscle or fascia wall. The protrusion happens because the connective structures are weakened.
This pressure can arise from several conditions:
Weakness in the muscle wall may stem from congenital conditions or age-related wear.
Certain health and lifestyle factors significantly increase the likelihood of hernia formation:
These factors compromise tissue stability and raise intra-abdominal pressure. This dual effect increases the risk that internal contents will push through weakened areas, creating a hernia.
Hernias do not resolve on their own and often require operative repair to avoid complications. Depending on the severity of the patient’s condition, the doctors recommend a suitable treatment.
Available Treatment Methods
The primary methods involve reinforcing the abdominal wall or other affected regions. Two main techniques are applied:
Open Hernia Surgery
A traditional approach where a single incision is made at the site. The bulge is repositioned, and the weakened muscle is reinforced using stitches or synthetic mesh.
Laparoscopic Hernia Surgery
A less invasive option utilising multiple small incisions and a camera-guided instrument.
Robotic-Assisted Hernia Repair
It is a variation of minimally invasive surgery and is guided by robotic control systems.
It uses enhanced imaging tools and advanced surgical techniques to minimize tissue disruption. Surgeons use thin instruments and a high-resolution camera. The doctors access the affected region through minor cuts. This approach supports faster tissue recovery and a lower risk of postoperative adhesions. It is mostly selected for bilateral or recurrent cases due to reduced discomfort and hospital stay.
A structured comparison of open, laparoscopic, and robotic hernia repair methods highlights key differences in outcomes, recovery, and suitability.
| Technique | Key Benefits | Limitations / Considerations |
| Open Surgery |
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| Laparoscopic Surgery |
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| Robotic Surgery |
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Laparoscopic hernia treatment may not be suitable for everyone. Based on an individual’s health condition, some individuals should consider alternative methods. Here’s a breakdown of who might not be the best candidate:
Absolute or Relative Contraindications
Some people may not be the right fit for laparoscopic surgery. For example:
| Phase | Key Actions |
| Preoperative Assessment | Includes blood analysis, imaging (such as CT or ultrasound), and anaesthesia review. Final consent and risk discussion occur at this stage. |
| Administration of Anaesthesia | General, regional, or local anaesthesia(based on the patient’s condition and method). |
| Reduced symptoms | Herniated tissue is repositioned into the original cavity. |
| Reinforcement of Defect | The weakened area is reinforced using sutures or a synthetic mesh patch. |
| Closure and Monitoring | Incisions are sealed with sutures or clips. The doctor observes vital signs, pain control, and wound stability. |
Postoperative care, including mobility guidance and wound management, is essential for successful outcomes. Most patients are able to resume normal activities within a few weeks.
| Stage | Milestones and Care Instructions |
| Day 0–1 | Monitoring of vital signs. Light activity encouraged. Treatment for discomfort was administered. |
| Days 1–3 | Gentle walking begins. The ability to move and urinate independently is assessed before discharge. |
| Week 1–2 | Gradual increase in mobility. Driving and sedentary work may resume, depending on medical advice. |
| Week 3–4 | Light household tasks are resumed. Activity restrictions remain for strenuous movements and lifting. |
| Week 5–6 | Most physical activities are restored. Healing of the incision and reduction in swelling are expected. |
| Beyond 6 weeks | Gradual return to full function. Follow-up consultations ensure proper healing and prevent recurrence. |
Laparoscopic hernia repair in India typically incurs higher costs than open surgery, owing to specialised equipment, mesh usage, and surgical expertise.
NOTE: Exact pricing depends on length of stay, surgical complexity, and surgeon experience.
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In rare cases where infection or implant-related complications arise, mesh may need surgical removal. Laparoscopic mesh infection rates are around 1.5% for ventral repairs and are significantly lower than those of open procedures.
Meta‑analyses indicate a lower incidence of wound infection and hematoma following laparoscopic repair. However, perioperative morbidity may be slightly higher in laparoscopic cases compared to open repair.
Laparoscopic methods are associated with a roughly 34 percent reduction in chronic groin pain compared to open mesh procedures.
Operating time is generally longer with laparoscopic instruments. However, hospitals report average reductions in hospital stay by around three days compared with open surgery.
A large observational study found that laparoscopic repair had nearly double the hazard of reoperation for recurrence compared to open methods (hazard ratio ~1.83).
For repairs using intraperitoneal onlay mesh, laparoscopic techniques achieved similar long‑term recurrence rates (about 20 percent at ~5 years) with lower complication rates and shorter stays.
Network reviews demonstrate that laparoscopic repair reduces the risk of surgical site infections by approximately 78 percent compared to open repair methods.
Urinary retention occurs at similar rates between laparoscopic and open methods and is more often related to anaesthetic agents than surgical approach.
Visualization of the entire groin region allows simultaneous repair of multiple defects during laparoscopic surgery, potentially reducing future hernias in adjacent regions.
Among over 100,000 hernia operations, the risk of mesh explantation due to infection within five years was notably higher following ventral procedures, with open repairs carrying greater odds than laparoscopic ones.
Sunanda Tripathi
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A hernia popped uo while lifting weights in gym. The pain was so extreme i cant say in words, but thanks to dr kushwant sir, he fixed my hernia so easily. Thank you sir.
Anirudh, 17 Yrs
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Highly satisfied with doctor's knowledge and his caring attitude.
Dhananjay, 27 Yrs
Very good receiving by doctor sir and pristyne care team subham sir
Anil, 53 Yrs
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Well experienced, very professional, Informative, very accurate, treats patient with hospitality
Ankit Yadav, 24 Yrs
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Got treated at Sheetla Hospital. The doctor explained every detail patiently. Surgery was done laparoscopically. Back to normal in a week.
Rajesh Gupta
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Had laparoscopic hernia repair. Dr. Mounika explained procedure well. Post surgery recovery smooth. A small ache but staff always checked. Really good.
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